Carburization Rate Versus Temperature for
Various Alloys
Maximum Surface Loading for Various Types
of Radiant Tubes
Tf = Furnace temperature
To = Temperature of outer tube of single-ended radiant tube
Note: Kanthal, APM, APMT, and Nikrothal are registered
trademarks of Kanthal, a Sandvik Co.
Quick Reference
1700° F To 2400° F
(927° C To 1316° C) |
Hardening
Normalizing
Sintering
Case Carburizing
Stress Relieving |
Annealing
Brazing
Carbonitriding
Carbon Restoration
Solution Treating |
1400° F To 1700° F
(760° C To 927° C) |
Annealing
Aging |
Tempering |
1000° F To 1400° F
(538° C To 760° C) |
Aging
Annealing
Stress Relieving
Steam Oxidizing |
Nitriding
Tempering
Solution Treating |
200° F To 1200° F
(93° C To 649° C) |
Curing
Drying |
Baking
Glass Tempering |
|
Rapid Conversion of °C to °F
1. Double °C
2. Deduct 10%
3. Add 32
Rapid Conversion of °F to °C
1. Deduct 32
2. Divide by 1.8
|
° F
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
550
600
650
700
750
800
850
900
950
1000
1050
1100
1150
1200
1250
1300
1350
1400
1450
1500
1550
1600 |
° C
37.78
65.56
93.33
121.11
148.89
176.67
204.44
232.22
260.00
287.78
315.56
343.33
371.11
398.89
426.67
454.44
482.22
510.00
537.78
565.56
593.33
621.11
648.89
676.67
704.44
732.22
760.00
787.78
815.56
843.33
871.11 |
| °C = (°F - 32) / 1.8 |
|
° F
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
1950
2000
2050
2100
2150
2200
2250
2300
2350
2400
2450
2500
2550
2600
2650
2700
2750
2800
2850
2900
2950
3000
3050
3100
3150
|
° C
898.88
926.67
954.44
982.22
1010.00
1037.78
1065.56
1093.33
1121.11
1148.89
1176.67
1204.44
1232.22
1260.00
1287.78
1315.56
1343.33
1371.11
1398.89
1426.67
1454.44
1482.22
1510.00
1537.78
1565.56
1593.33
1621.11
1648.89
1676.67
1704.44
1732.22 |
| °F = (1.8°C) + 32 |
|
|
|
